2-1-4)مدلهای مرتبط با  تمایل به ترك خدمت                                                                                                                   20

 

2-1-5) آثار،تبعات و مزایای تمایل به ترك خدمت                                                                                                              26

 

2-1-6)عوامل موثر بر تمایل به ترك خدمت                                                                                                                      29

 

2-1-6-1) متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی                                                                                                                 29

 

2-1-6-2) متغیرهای اقتصادی                                                                                                                                          29

 

2-1-6-3) متغیرهای اجتماعی                                                                                                                                          29

 

2-1-6-4) متغیرهای عوامل روانی                                                                                                                                     29

 

2-1-6-5) نقش سایر متغیرها در تمایل به ترك خدمت                                                                                                         30

 

2-1-7) عوامل تأثیرگذار جهت جلوگیری از تمایل به ترك خدمت                                                                                         33

 

2-2) بخش دوم: حمایت سازمانی

 

2-2-1) مقدمه                                                                                                                                                              36

 

2-2-2)تعاریف حمایت سازمانی ادراك شده و اهمیت آن                                                                                                      36

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان                                                                                                                                                             صفحه

 

2-2-3) پیش شرطها و پیامدهای حمایت سازمانی ادراك شده                                                                                 40

 

2-2-3-1) انصاف و مساوات                                                                                                                                           40

 

2-2-3-2) حمایت سرپرست                                                                                                                                            41

 

2-2-3-3) پاداشهای سازمانی و زمینه های شغلی                                                                                                                  41

 

2-2-4)عوامل تنش زا در ارتباط با نقشهای كاركنان                                                                                                              42

 

2-2-5)پیامدهای حمایت سازمانی ادراك شده                                                                                                                     43

 

2-2-5-1)تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                                                                  43

 

2-2-5-2) تأثیرات شغلی                                                                                                                                                43

 

2-2-5-3) التزام و درگیری شغلی                                                                                                                                     43

 

2-2-5-4) عملكرد                                                                                                                                                        44

 

2-2-5-5) فشار شغلی                                                                                                                                                    44

 

2-2-5-6) تمایل به ماندن در سازمان                                                                                                                                 44

 

2-2-5-7) رفتارهای بازخوردی                                                                                                                                        44

 

2-3) بخش سوم: تعهد سازمانی

 

2-3-1)مقدمه                                                                                                                                                               47

 

2-3-2) تعاریف و مفاهیم تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                                             47

 

2-3-3) ضرورت و اهمیت توجه به تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                                 50

 

2-3-4) انواع تعهد                                                                                                                                                        52

 

2-3-5) ابعاد تعهد                                                                                                                                                         54

 

2-3-6) بررسی دیدگاههای موجود در زمینه كانونهای تعهد سازمانی                                                                                        55

 

2-3-7) مدلهای تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                                                          56

 

2-3-8) الگوی چند بعدی تعهد                                                                                                                                        56

 

2-3-8-1) مدل ارایلی و چاتمن                                                                                                                                        56

 

2-3-8-2) مدل می یر و آلن                                                                                                                                           57

 

2-3-8-3) مدل آنجل و پری                                                                                                                                           58

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان                                                                                                                                                             صفحه

 

2-3-8-4) مدل مایر و شورمن                                                                                                                                         59

 

2-3-8-5) مدل پنلی و گولد                                                                                                                                            59

 

2-3-9) عوامل مؤثر در تعهد سازمانی كاركنان                                                                                                                    59

 

2-3-9-1) نظام اداری                                                                                                                                                    60

 

2-3-9-1-1) نفوذ شخص مدیر                                                                                                                                        60

 

2-3-9-1-2) رهبری توکیلی                                                                                                                                           60

 

2-3-9-1-3) رهبری کار محور همراه با هیجان کم                                                                                                               60

 

2-3-9-1-4) تجربه مدیریت فردی                                                                                                                                    61

 

2-3-9-2) شالوده سازمانی                                                                                                                                              61

 

2-3-9-2-1) گستره سازمانی                                                                                                                                           61

 

 

2-3-9-2-2) فضای سازمانی                                                                                                                                            62

 

2-3-9-2-3) ساختار سازمانی                                                                                                                                          62

 

2-3-10) متغیرهای مؤثر بر تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                                           62

 

2-3-11) راهكارهایی برای افزایش تعهد سازمانی                                                                                                 66

 

2-4) بخش چهارم : عدالت سازمانی

 

2-4-1) مقدمه                                                                                                                                                              69

 

2-4-2) عدالت                                                                                                                                                             69

 

2-4-3) مفهوم عدالت                                                                                                                                                    71

 

2-4-4) اهمیت رعایت عدالت                                                                                                                                          71

 

2-4-5) عدالت سازمانی                                                                                                                                                  72

 

2-4-6) كانونهای عدالت سازمانی                                                                                                                                     75

 

2-4-7) ابعاد عدالت                                                                                                                                                       75

 

2-4-7-1) عدالت توزیعی                                                                                                                                               76

 

2-4-7-1-1) نظریه برابری آدامز                                                                                                                                       78

 

2-4-7-1-2) پیامدهای ادراكات نابرابری                                                                                                                            80

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان                                                                                                                                                             صفحه

 

2-4-7-2) عدالت رویه ای                                                                                                                                              80

 

2-4-7-2-1) مدلهای عدالت رویه ای                                                                                                                 83

 

2-4-7-2-1-1) مدل ابزاری(نفع شخصی)                                                                                                                           83

 

2-4-7-2-1-2) مدل رابطه ای (ارزش گروهی)                                                                                                                    83

 

2-4-7-2-1-3) مدل قضاوت عادلانه لونتال                                                                                                                         84

 

2-4-7-2-1-4) مدل ساشكین و ویلیامز                                                                                                                              85

 

2-4-7-2-2) تشابه عدالت توزیعی و رویه ای                                                                                                                      86

 

2-4-7-3) عدالت مراوده ای                                                                                                                                            86

 

2-4-7-3-1) تئوری مبادله اجتماعی                                                                                                                                  87

 

2-4-7-3-2) تفاوت عدالت رویه ای با عدالت مراوده ای                                                                                                        88

 

2-4-7-4) عدالت اطلاعاتی                                                                                                                                             88

 

2-4-7-4-1) قوانین عدالت سازمانی                                                                                                                                  89

 

2-4-7-5) عدالت احساسی                                                                                                                                              89

 

2-4-7-6) عوامل مؤثر بر درك عدالت                                                                                                                             90

 

2-4-7-6-1) پیامدهای  سازمانی                                                                                                                                       90

 

2-4-7-6-2) رویه های سازمانی                                                                                                                                       90

 

2-4-7-6-3) خصوصیات ادراك كننده                                                                                                                             90

 

2-4-7-7) نتایج درك عدالت                                                                                                                                          90

 

2-4-7-7-1) عملكرد كاری                                                                                                                                            90

 

2-4-7-7-2) رفتار شهروندی سازمانی                                                                                                                                91

 

2-4-7-7-3) رفتار خلاف انتظار و ترك شغل                                                                                                                     91

 

2-4-7-7-4) واكنشهای نگرشی و احساسی نسبت به پیامدهای خاص،سازمان و سرپرست                                                               91

 

2-4-7-8)موانع تحقق عدلات در سازمان                                                                                                                            92

 

2-4-7-8-1) تعریف نشدن اهداف و استراتژیها بر محور عدالت                                                                                               92

 

2-4-7-8-2) محیط و تأثیر آن بر رفتارهای عادلانه                                                                                                               93

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان                                                                                                                                                             صفحه

 

2-4-7-8-3) فناوری و عدالت سازمانی                                                                                                                              94

 

2-4-7-8-4) اندازه سازمان و امكان اجرای عدالت در آن                                                                                                       94

 

2-4-7-8-5) ساخت قدرت و كنترل                                                                                                                  95

 

2-4-7-8-6) فرهنگ و زبان                                                                                                                                            95

 

2-5) بخش پنجم: پیشینه تحقیقات انجام شده

 

2-5-1) تحقیقات داخلی                                                                                                                                 97

 

2-5-2) تحقیقات خارجی                                                                                                                                               101

 

فصل سوم: روش اجرای تحقیق

 

3-1) مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                 107

 

3-2) روش اجرای تحقیق                                                                                                                                                107

 

3-3) توصیف آزمودنی های تحقیق (جامعه و نمونه آماری)                                                                                                   109

 

3-3-1) جامعه آماری                                                                                                                                                    109

 

3-3-2) نمونه                                                                                                                                                               109

 

3-4) جمع آوری داده ها و اطلاعات                                                                                                                                 110

 

3-5) معرفی دقیق پرسشنامه و نحوه طراحی سؤالات آن                                                                                                         110

 

3-6) اعتبار و پایایی ابزار پرسشنامه                                                                                                                                   111

 

3-6-1) روایی                                                                                                                                                              111

 

3-6-2) پایایی                                                                                                                                                              112

 

3-7) معرفی تكنیك های آماری جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها                                                                                                113

 

3-7-1) مدل معادلات ساختاری                                                                                                                                       113

 

3-7-2) مراحل مدل معادلات ساختاری                                                                                                                              114

 

3-7-3) شاخصهای مدل                                                                                                                                                 118

 

3-7-4) نرم افزار لیزرل                                                                                                                                                 119

 

فصل چهارم:تجزیه و تحلیل یافته های تحقیق

 

4-1) مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                 122

 

 

 

فهرست مطالب

 

عنوان                                                                                                                                                             صفحه

 

4-2) توصیف ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی پاسخ دهندگان                                                                                                    123

 

4-3) توصیف متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق                                                                                                                127

 

4-4) بررسی مدل تحقیق                                                                                                                                 133

 

4-4-1) بررسی مدل تحقیق در حالت استاندارد                                                                                                                    133

 

4-4-2) بررسی مدل تحقیق در حالت معنی داری                                                                                                                  136

 

4-4-3)  بررسی شاخصهای معنی داری و برازش مدل کلی تحقیق                                                                                            137

 

4-5) آزمون فرضیه ها                                                                                                                                                   138

 

فصل پنجم : نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادها